![]() ![]() Early inscriptions from this period, carved on tortoise shells, have three Chinese characters for garden, you, pu and yuan. These gardens were large enclosed parks where the kings and nobles hunted game, or where fruit and vegetables were grown. The earliest recorded Chinese gardens were created in the valley of the Yellow River, during the Shang dynasty (1600–1046 BC). ![]() By moving from structure to structure, visitors can view a series of carefully composed scenes, unrolling like a scroll of landscape paintings. Ī typical Chinese garden is enclosed by walls and includes one or more ponds, rock works, trees and flowers, and an assortment of halls and pavilions within the garden, connected by winding paths and zig-zag galleries. Many essential elements are used in Chinese gardens, and Moon Gate is one of them. Among them, Chengde Mountain Resort and the Summer Palace, which belong to royal gardens, and several the Classical Gardens of Suzhou in Jiangsu Province, which belong to private gardens, are also included in the World Heritage List by UNESCO. It is a model of Chinese aesthetics, reflecting the profound philosophical thinking and pursuit of life of the Chinese people. The art of Chinese garden integrates architecture, calligraphy and painting, sculpture, literature, gardening and other arts. They create an idealized miniature landscape, which is meant to express the harmony that should exist between man and nature. ![]() It includes both the vast gardens of the Chinese emperors and members of the imperial family, built for pleasure and to impress, and the more intimate gardens created by scholars, poets, former government officials, soldiers and merchants, made for reflection and escape from the outside world. The Chinese garden is a landscape garden style which has evolved over three thousand years. This picture of the Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai (created in 1559) shows all the elements of a classical Chinese garden – water, architecture, vegetation, and rocks. ![]()
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